學前教育(yu)普惠優(you)質發展走(zou)出“深圳路徑(jing)”
信息來源: 深圳特區報 [ 內容糾錯 ] 日期:2021-08-21 09:23:41
深圳(zhen)努力構建廣覆(fu)蓋(gai)、保基本、高質量(liang)的學(xue)(xue)前(qian)教育公共(gong)服務體(ti)系,深圳(zhen)學(xue)(xue)前(qian)教育的公益性普惠性和整體(ti)辦學(xue)(xue)水平踏上(shang)新臺階
近年來,深圳(zhen)學前教(jiao)育持(chi)續發(fa)力,推進學前教(jiao)育質(zhi)量(liang)品牌建設
學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育,是尚未啟蒙的(de)(de)孩子們走向知識殿堂的(de)(de)開(kai)端(duan),是國(guo)民教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育體系的(de)(de)重要組成部分。走過(guo)40年,深圳學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育規模(mo)迅猛發展(zhan),如今在園(yuan)兒童已達54.5萬人(ren),在園(yuan)兒童人(ren)數位列(lie)全國(guo)第二。隨(sui)著兩期“學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育發展(zhan)行動(dong)計劃”推進,深圳努力構(gou)建廣覆蓋、保基本、高質量的(de)(de)學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育公共(gong)服務體系,深圳學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育的(de)(de)公益性普惠性和整體辦學(xue)水平踏上新臺(tai)階。
近年(nian)來,深圳學前教育持續(xu)發(fa)力,公辦幼(you)兒(er)(er)(er)(er)園發(fa)展全(quan)(quan)面駛入快車道,公辦幼(you)兒(er)(er)(er)(er)園在園兒(er)(er)(er)(er)童占比由原來不足4%提高到38%,今年(nian)底將達到50%。全(quan)(quan)市(shi)已(yi)建成市(shi)一級幼(you)兒(er)(er)(er)(er)園745所,省(sheng)一級幼(you)兒(er)(er)(er)(er)園134所,省(sheng)級園數量全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)第一。
施展“組合拳”
基本實現普惠發展格局
深(shen)圳建市(shi)(shi)之初,全市(shi)(shi)僅90所幼(you)兒(er)園(yuan),在(zai)(zai)園(yuan)幼(you)兒(er)4587人。經濟(ji)特區建立以(yi)(yi)來,因為市(shi)(shi)場經濟(ji)發育早,市(shi)(shi)場機制(zhi)更完善,伴隨著(zhu)城市(shi)(shi)人口的急(ji)劇(ju)擴張,深(shen)圳開始探索并(bing)形成(cheng)了(le)以(yi)(yi)社會(hui)力(li)量辦(ban)(ban)學(xue)為主體的學(xue)前教(jiao)(jiao)育格局。面對民辦(ban)(ban)幼(you)兒(er)園(yuan)占(zhan)比(bi)高的市(shi)(shi)情,深(shen)圳教(jiao)(jiao)育部(bu)門立足實際,從2012年起,啟動普惠性幼(you)兒(er)園(yuan)建設試(shi)點(dian),跳出公(gong)民辦(ban)(ban)的簡單二(er)元(yuan)劃(hua)分,以(yi)(yi)政(zheng)策規(gui)范(fan)和財政(zheng)投入(ru)(ru)為杠桿,在(zai)(zai)國內率先探索政(zheng)府主導(dao)、財政(zheng)支持(chi)的學(xue)前教(jiao)(jiao)育公(gong)益普惠發展模(mo)式,被教(jiao)(jiao)育部(bu)列入(ru)(ru)教(jiao)(jiao)育綜合(he)改革(ge)重點(dian)項目(mu)。
幼兒(er)園(yuan)(yuan)成為普惠園(yuan)(yuan)之后,市(shi)、區財(cai)政(zheng)對普惠性(xing)幼兒(er)園(yuan)(yuan)以班(ban)級數為單位給(gei)予每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)班(ban)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4萬元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)補助,規(gui)定補貼(tie)必(bi)須(xu)用于提高教(jiao)(jiao)師待遇(yu)(yu)和(he)幼兒(er)園(yuan)(yuan)設(she)施建設(she)等(deng)方面(mian)。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋季學期開(kai)始,深(shen)圳(zhen)對在依(yi)法設(she)立的(de)(de)幼兒(er)園(yuan)(yuan)就讀的(de)(de)深(shen)圳(zhen)戶籍(ji)和(he)符合(he)深(shen)圳(zhen)市(shi)人(ren)口管理政(zheng)策的(de)(de)3-6歲在園(yuan)(yuan)兒(er)童(tong),發放每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)生每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1500元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)健(jian)康(kang)成長(chang)(chang)補貼(tie),用于抵減家(jia)長(chang)(chang)繳納的(de)(de)保(bao)教(jiao)(jiao)費(fei)、在園(yuan)(yuan)兒(er)童(tong)免(mian)費(fei)體檢、購置兒(er)童(tong)讀物和(he)玩具(ju)等(deng)。2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)起,深(shen)圳(zhen)民(min)辦幼兒(er)園(yuan)(yuan)從教(jiao)(jiao)滿3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以上的(de)(de)保(bao)教(jiao)(jiao)人(ren)員(yuan),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)月可領(ling)取300-1000元(yuan)(yuan)不等(deng)的(de)(de)幼兒(er)園(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)教(jiao)(jiao)人(ren)員(yuan)長(chang)(chang)期從教(jiao)(jiao)津貼(tie),且在2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)起增加至450-1500元(yuan)(yuan)。實施三項惠民(min)政(zheng)策后,50多萬名(ming)在園(yuan)(yuan)兒(er)童(tong)享受到每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)人(ren)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1500元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)兒(er)童(tong)健(jian)康(kang)成長(chang)(chang)補貼(tie),3.7萬名(ming)保(bao)教(jiao)(jiao)人(ren)員(yuan)享受到長(chang)(chang)期從教(jiao)(jiao)津貼(tie),普惠園(yuan)(yuan)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)班(ban)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)得到不少(shao)于4萬元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)獎勵性(xing)補助,累(lei)計(ji)投入達52億元(yuan)(yuan),在分擔學前教(jiao)(jiao)育成本、調控民(min)辦園(yuan)(yuan)收費(fei)、提高保(bao)教(jiao)(jiao)人(ren)員(yuan)待遇(yu)(yu)等(deng)方面(mian)成效顯著。
如果說深圳早期鼓勵舉辦民辦幼兒(er)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)解決(jue)“入園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)難(nan)”問題做出了貢獻,那么(me)大力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)普(pu)惠(hui)(hui)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則較好(hao)地解決(jue)了“入園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)貴”的問題。在普(pu)惠(hui)(hui)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)政策(ce)出臺(tai)前(qian),每到開(kai)學季(ji),家(jia)長(chang)們都會擔心幼兒(er)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)漲價。然而,在深圳,成(cheng)為(wei)普(pu)惠(hui)(hui)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的其中一個條(tiao)件就是(shi)3年內不得漲價,使得不少家(jia)長(chang)不再(zai)為(wei)保教(jiao)費的上漲而煩(fan)心。通(tong)過這些(xie)組合拳的施(shi)展(zhan),深圳學前(qian)教(jiao)育普(pu)惠(hui)(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)的態勢(shi)初步形成(cheng),學前(qian)教(jiao)育公共服務的“深圳路(lu)徑”進一步鞏固,基(ji)本實現(xian)學前(qian)教(jiao)育公益普(pu)惠(hui)(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)格局。
吹響“集結號”
公辦幼兒園建設步入快車道
為貫徹落(luo)實(shi)(shi)《中共(gong)中央國(guo)務(wu)(wu)院關(guan)于學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)深化(hua)(hua)改(gai)革(ge)規范發(fa)(fa)展的若干意(yi)(yi)(yi)見(jian)》,2019年4月,市(shi)政府辦公廳印(yin)發(fa)(fa)了(le)《關(guan)于進(jin)一步深化(hua)(hua)改(gai)革(ge)促進(jin)學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)普(pu)惠優(you)質發(fa)(fa)展的意(yi)(yi)(yi)見(jian)》(以(yi)下(xia)簡稱《意(yi)(yi)(yi)見(jian)》)。《意(yi)(yi)(yi)見(jian)》強調,調整辦園(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)構、提(ti)(ti)高(gao)普(pu)惠性學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)質量成(cheng)為當(dang)前(qian)和未來(lai)幾年學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)改(gai)革(ge)的重(zhong)點任務(wu)(wu),深圳(zhen)(zhen)以(yi)調整優(you)化(hua)(hua)辦園(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)構為重(zhong)點任務(wu)(wu),以(yi)創新發(fa)(fa)展公辦園(yuan)(yuan)、優(you)化(hua)(hua)提(ti)(ti)升普(pu)惠性民辦幼兒園(yuan)(yuan)為主要舉措(cuo),努力實(shi)(shi)現學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)質量發(fa)(fa)展。市(shi)委(wei)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)工委(wei)書記(ji)、市(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)局(ju)局(ju)長陳秋明介紹,這個由市(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)局(ju)牽頭,市(shi)政府相關(guan)部門及各區參與,從起(qi)草(cao)到(dao)出(chu)臺歷經兩年的《意(yi)(yi)(yi)見(jian)》,全面摸底調研(yan),梳理出(chu)我(wo)市(shi)學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)存在的突出(chu)問(wen)題,有針對性地提(ti)(ti)出(chu)貫徹落(luo)實(shi)(shi)黨(dang)中央、國(guo)務(wu)(wu)院關(guan)于學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)展方(fang)針政策(ce)的“深圳(zhen)(zhen)路徑”,文件的出(chu)臺又一次拉開(kai)了(le)我(wo)市(shi)學(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)改(gai)革(ge)發(fa)(fa)展新戰略新里程(cheng)的帷幕。
去年(nian)以來,深(shen)圳(zhen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)幼(you)(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)步入快(kuai)車道,公(gong)(gong)(gong)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)占比迅速增加。深(shen)圳(zhen)各(ge)區(qu)通過新建(jian)(jian)幼(you)(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、回(hui)收(shou)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)幼(you)(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、依(yi)(yi)法依(yi)(yi)規清理(li)回(hui)收(shou)回(hui)購政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)和其他國有(you)資產(chan)(chan)幼(you)(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、租賃改造閑置(zhi)物業(ye)、鼓勵村集體或者國有(you)企(qi)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)的(de)民辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉型等多種舉(ju)措舉(ju)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),提高公(gong)(gong)(gong)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)兒(er)(er)童占比。去年(nian)9月(yue),寶安(an)區(qu)先行先試,在(zai)全市率先回(hui)收(shou)7所到期政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)配套幼(you)(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),納(na)入寶安(an)幼(you)(you)教集團,辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)成集團分園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。自(zi)此之后,深(shen)圳(zhen)幼(you)(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)作(zuo)全面提速。龍(long)華區(qu)將政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)列(lie)入回(hui)收(shou)主攻目標,妥善(shan)制定(ding)到期政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)回(hui)收(shou)程序,設(she)(she)置(zhi)“三個月(yue)”過渡期穩妥安(an)置(zhi)教職工(gong),“一對一”派駐公(gong)(gong)(gong)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)幼(you)(you)兒(er)(er)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管理(li)轉型民辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),順利(li)完成2019年(nian)到期政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)回(hui)收(shou)工(gong)作(zuo)。光明區(qu)系(xi)統出(chu)臺(tai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)及管理(li)政(zheng)(zheng)策制度(du),龍(long)崗區(qu)建(jian)(jian)立區(qu)、街道、社區(qu)“三級聯動”工(gong)作(zuo)機制,羅湖區(qu)則通過探(tan)索集團化管理(li)模(mo)式,實(shi)現公(gong)(gong)(gong)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)平穩運行。
近兩年來,深圳學前教(jiao)育不斷加大投入籌(chou)碼,公(gong)共投入大幅(fu)度(du)增(zeng)長,全市財政公(gong)共預算學前教(jiao)育投入從(cong)2018年初的20.79億元(yuan),增(zeng)長至(zhi)(zhi)2020年初的72.14億元(yuan),年均增(zeng)長率達(da)86.28%。市委(wei)市政府發布(bu)的《關于推進教(jiao)育高質量發展(zhan)的意見》指出,提(ti)高公(gong)辦幼兒(er)(er)園(yuan)、普惠園(yuan)比(bi)例(li),到(dao)2020年,每個有(you)條件(jian)的社區原則(ze)上至(zhi)(zhi)少有(you)1-2所公(gong)辦幼兒(er)(er)園(yuan),公(gong)辦幼兒(er)(er)園(yuan)和普惠性(xing)民辦園(yuan)在(zai)園(yuan)幼兒(er)(er)占(zhan)比(bi)達(da)80%,其(qi)中(zhong)公(gong)辦幼兒(er)(er)園(yuan)在(zai)園(yuan)幼兒(er)(er)占(zhan)比(bi)達(da)50%。
牽住“牛鼻子”
學前教育整體水平踏上新臺階
高標準辦(ban)好學(xue)前教育,實(shi)現幼有(you)善育,是《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央國務院關于支持深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)圳(zhen)建(jian)設中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國特(te)(te)(te)色社會主義先(xian)行示(shi)范(fan)(fan)區的(de)意(yi)見》對(dui)(dui)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)圳(zhen)學(xue)前教育寄予的(de)重要期望,是深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)圳(zhen)年(nian)輕家長(chang)對(dui)(dui)優質(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)前教育的(de)熱切期盼。近年(nian)來,深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)圳(zhen)市通過(guo)創建(jian)優質(zhi)(zhi)特(te)(te)(te)色示(shi)范(fan)(fan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、啟動學(xue)前教育高素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)人才“苗圃工程”、優質(zhi)(zhi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)辦(ban)分園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、百園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)扶(fu)百園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等多(duo)項措施,推(tui)進學(xue)前教育質(zhi)(zhi)量品牌建(jian)設。在(zai)優質(zhi)(zhi)特(te)(te)(te)色示(shi)范(fan)(fan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)設方面,深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)圳(zhen)全市已推(tui)出(chu)100所在(zai)綜合管(guan)理(li)(li)、課程實(shi)踐和保(bao)育保(bao)健等方面各有(you)專長(chang)的(de)優質(zhi)(zhi)特(te)(te)(te)色示(shi)范(fan)(fan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。學(xue)前教育整(zheng)體水平(ping)的(de)提(ti)升,還需要一個與之相應(ying)的(de)監(jian)督(du)管(guan)理(li)(li)體系。深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)圳(zhen)市在(zai)全省率先(xian)實(shi)施幼兒園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)化建(jian)設與督(du)導評估,強(qiang)力推(tui)進幼兒園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)管(guan)理(li)(li),目前全市規(gui)范(fan)(fan)化幼兒園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)比率達(da)(da)到98%。現有(you)市一級(ji)幼兒園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)達(da)(da)745所,省一級(ji)達(da)(da)134所,省級(ji)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數量全省最多(duo)。
我市在學(xue)前教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)專業(ye)人才(cai)建(jian)設(she)方面打出“組合拳”,提(ti)前聘(pin)任園長,做好資格培訓(xun);加強本地(di)(di)高(gao)校(xiao)培養(yang)培訓(xun)能力建(jian)設(she),建(jian)立若干學(xue)前教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)人才(cai)培養(yang)基地(di)(di);健全綜合激勵(li)與(yu)保(bao)(bao)障體系(xi),建(jian)立健全學(xue)前教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)職稱評審辦(ban)法,暢通(tong)專業(ye)晉(jin)升與(yu)發(fa)展通(tong)道。“我們(men)鼓勵(li)市內高(gao)校(xiao)開設(she)相關專業(ye)、擴大招生規(gui)模。”深圳市教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)局副局長王水發(fa)介紹(shao)說,深圳還引導各區采取委托培養(yang)、定向就業(ye)等方式(shi),與(yu)國內高(gao)校(xiao)學(xue)前教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)專業(ye)加強聯(lian)(lian)動(dong),大力建(jian)設(she)高(gao)素質(zhi)專業(ye)化(hua)創新(xin)型(xing)的學(xue)前教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)隊(dui)伍。此外,為推動(dong)更多幼兒(er)園提(ti)升科學(xue)保(bao)(bao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水平,在市教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)局牽頭下(xia),教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)研(yan)(yan)部門、高(gao)校(xiao)、優質(zhi)園所(suo)聯(lian)(lian)合構建(jian)“三位一體”的合作研(yan)(yan)究模式(shi),指(zhi)導幼兒(er)園在管理精細(xi)化(hua)、課程游(you)戲化(hua)、環境生活(huo)化(hua)、保(bao)(bao)障制度化(hua)等方面深耕(geng),以(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)科研(yan)(yan)帶動(dong)全市幼兒(er)園進行課程改革,推動(dong)保(bao)(bao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)質(zhi)量提(ti)升。